General Surgery

• Abdominal Surgeries: Instruments like scalpels (e.g., #10 blade for initial incision) and forceps (such as Babcock forceps for handling intestines) are used. Retractors like the Balfour retractor help expose the surgical area by holding back the abdominal wall and organs.
• Herniorrhaphy: Here, needles and sutures are key for closing the abdominal wall defect. Forceps assist in handling the hernia sac and tissues during the repair process.

Orthopedic Surgery

• Joint Replacements: Specialized tools like bone saws (e.g., oscillating saw for precise bone cutting), rasps (for shaping bone surfaces), and drills (for creating holes for implants) are essential. Forceps and clamps hold bone fragments and soft tissues during the procedure.
• Fracture Fixation: Instruments including external fixators, bone plates, screws, and related tools like drills, clamps, and forceps are crucial for stabilizing fractures and ensuring proper bone alignment.

Neurosurgery

• Brain Surgeries: Micro-surgical instruments such as micro-scalpels (for delicate brain tissue incisions), fine-tipped forceps (for handling small tumors or blood clots), and specialized retractors (to gently hold back brain tissue) are vital for procedures while safeguarding neural structures.
• Spinal Surgeries: Spinal retractors expose the spinal column. Tools like bone rongeurs (for removing bone spurs) and instruments for inserting screws and rods (after precise drilling) are used for procedures like spinal fusion to relieve nerve pressure and correct deformities.

Ophthalmic Surgery

• Cataract Surgery: Ultra-fine instruments like micro-forceps, micro-scissors, and the phacoemulsification probe (for breaking up the cataract lens) are used. Intraocular lenses are then inserted precisely.
• Retinal Surgery: Delicate retinal forceps and scissors are employed to repair retinal tears or detachments. Specialized visualization and illumination tools assist in the procedure.

Plastic Surgery

• Cosmetic Surgeries: In procedures like rhinoplasty, instruments such as rasps, chisels, and fine-tipped forceps and scissors are used for reshaping nasal structures and handling soft tissues. In facelifts, skin hooks and retractors help with skin manipulation.
• Reconstructive Surgeries: Tools like skin graft knives (for harvesting skin), microsurgical instruments (for anastomosing blood vessels in free flap transfers), and devices like Doppler probes (for assessing blood flow) are utilized to ensure successful tissue grafting and healing